Journal Name:
Am J Clin Nutr
Article Title:
HDL-subpopulation patterns in response to reductions in dietary total and saturated fat intakes in healthy subjects
Date Written:
1999
Volume:
70
Number:
Page:
992
Author(s):
Berglund, L.; Oliver, E.H.; Fontanez, N.; Holleran, S.; Matthews, K.; Roheim, P.S.; Ginsberg, H.N.; Ramakrishnan, R.; Lefevre, M.
Article:
HDL cholesterol is negatively associated with CHD risk. HDL lipoproteins act to transport cholesterol and lipids that are released from tissues, to the liver for recycling or disposal. HDL, like the other lipoproteins, actually consists of a number of subpopulations that are metabolically active. Research has shown that the metabolism of the HDL subpopulation is closely related to that of TAG-rich lipoproteins. Within the spectrum of the HDL density, there is great particle heterogeneity which is linked to differences in functional properties. Previous studies have determined a cardioprotective effect of the less dense HDL2 subpopulation. This subpopulation has also been found to have a negative relationship to serum TAG concentrations. In addition, reductions in the HDL subfraction, HDL3-C have been associated with greater CVD risk. However, little information is available regarding the effects of diet on the various HDL subpopulation levels.
The objective of the present research was to investigate the effect of decreasing total and SFA intakes on HDL subpopulations. The study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, 3-way crossover study in which subjects consumed three different diets for each for an 8 week period (n=103). Diets included an average American diet (AAD: 34.3% total fat, 15% SFA), the American Heart Association Step 1 diet (28.6% fat; 9% SFA) and a diet low in SFA (25.3% fat; 6.1% SFA).
HDL2-C concentrations decreased in a stepwise fashion consistent to the reductions in total and SFA of the test diets. Hence, HDL2-C concentrations were highest following the AAD, followed by the Step 1 diet and were lowest with the low SFA diet. HDL3-C levels decreased to a lesser degree in the same manner as noted for HDL2-C levels. Measurement by gel electrophoresis showed the larger HDL2b subpopulation decreased with the dietary fat reduction while a corresponding relative increase was seen with the smaller HDL3a, 3b and 3c subpopulations. HDL2-C concentrations correlated negatively with serum TAG concentrations following all three diets while HDL3-C correlated positively.
The data indicate that diets low in total and SFA led to a significant decrease in both large and small, dense HDL subpopulations, however, decreases in HDL2 and HDL2b were the most prominent. The results suggest that dietary changes (low taotal and SFA intakes) appear to principally affect the concentrations of the most prominent antiatherogenic HDL subpopulations. However, the authors concluded that simultaneous decreases in LDL-C will most likely counterbalance any potential negative effect of reductions in HDL subpopulations on CVD risk., , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
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