Journal Name:
Am J Clin Nutr
Article Title:
A diet rich in monounsaturated rapeseed oil reduces the lipoprotein cholesterol concentration & increases the relative content of n-3 fatty acids in serum in hyperlipidemic subjects
Date Written:
1994
Volume:
59
Number:
Page:
667
Author(s):
Gustafsson, I-B.; Vessby, B.; ?hrvall, M.; Nydahl, M.
Article:
Previous reports have indicated that diets high in MUFA fed as olive oil or blends of other oils have positive effects on serum lipoproteins. Most of this work has been conducted with healthy individuals possessing normal blood lipid levels (normolipidemics). This study was undertaken to specifically assess the effects of a more common dietary oil, CO, on various lipid parameters in hyperlipidemic subjects. CO is the primary vegetable oil in Canadian diets and is gaining in popularity in the U.S. and in Sweden, the location of the present research.
The study was performed as a 3 week randomized trial in which a lipid-lowering diet rich in either CO or sunflower oil was fed to subjects with hypercholesterolemia (serum TC of 6.5-9.0 mmol/L) with or without hypertriglyceridemia (serum TG 2.3-6.0 mmol/L). Ninety-five subjects participated in the study. Diets were fed in a metabolic unit and were comprised of 30% fat, 57% carbohydrate and 14% protein. The sunflower oil diet consisted of 8% of energy as SFA, 10% as MUFA, 11% as PUFA and 0.5% ALA. The CO diet was comprised of 7% of energy as SFA, 14% as MUFA, 7% as PUFA and 1.3% ALA.
TC, LDL-C and HDL-C decreased by 15%, 16% and 11% respectively, following the CO diet and by 16%, 14% and 13% respectively, following the sunflower oil diet. The LDL:HDL ratio decreased by 6% on the CO diet but did not change following the sunflower oil diet. The effects on HDL-C noted were most likely due to the low fat content of the diets. Serum TG were reduced by 29% and 14%, respectively, after each of the sunflower oil and CO diets. Apo A1 and apo B decreased to a similar extent following both diets. Serum phospholipid levels of EPA and DHA were significantly increased on the CO diet and reduced on the sunflower oil diet. An increase in serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations was noted after both experimental diets when compared to baseline values. Fasting blood glucose decreased significantly following both treatment periods.
The inclusion of CO in the diets of hyperlipidemic subjects was shown to have positive effects on the most important risk factors for CHD, high serum levels of TC and LDL-C and thrombosis. The authors concluded that CO can replace high PUFA oils in lipid-lowering (low fat) diets for hyperlipidemic individuals as similar beneficial effects were noted following both diets. The effects of CO on the metabolism of long chain n-3 PUFAs are very positive as such actions would contribute to anti-thrombotic tendencies for blood platelets. In addition, elevations in serum alpha-tocopherol levels have been associated with lower CHD risk in both healthy subjects and individuals with hyperlipidemia.,
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