Journal Name:
Am J Clin Nutr.
Article Title:
Palm and partially hydrogenated soybean oils adversely alter lipoprotein profiles
Date Written:
2006
Volume:
84
Number:
Page:
54
Author(s):
Vega-Lopez, S.; Ausman, LM.; Jalbert, SM.; et al
Article:
The relationship between plasma lipid profiles and risk of CVD is well documented. Research over the past decase has established data to support various recommendations for CVD and dietary fat intakes. Fats of vegetable origin have gradually replaced fats of animal origin, and more recently the intake of hydrogenated fats is beginning to decline. The well published adverse effects of trans fatty acids produced during hydrogenation has led to increased use of palm oil by the food industry, despite its high level of saturated fatty acids. Palm oil is favored over other vegetable oils in food manufacturing because of its higher melting point and resistance to oxidative changes. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of palm oil on lipoprotein profiles compared to partially hydrogenated soybean oil, canola oil, and soybean oil in hypercholesterolemic men and women.
Fifteen men (n=5) and women (n=10) aged 50 years with LDL-C values of 130 mg/dl participated in this random, cross-over design consisting of four diet periods that were each 35 days in length. All foods and beverages were provided to the participants and were the same except for the type of fat added to the various mixed foods: partially hydrogenated soybean, soybean, palm, or canola oil. The experimental fat provided two-thirds of the total fat of the diet, which was equivalent to 20% of total energy. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and on 3 separate days during the last week of each diet phase and analyzed for various blood lipid parameters.
Diets enriched in partially hydrogenated soybean and palm oils resulted in higher LDL-C concentrations than did soybean (12% and 14%, respectively) and canola (16% and 18%, respectively). No significant effects were observed on concentrations of VLDL-C, HDL-C, or TG values for any fat type. In addition, no significant effect on the total:HDL-C ratio was found following the palm oil diet compared to the other dietary fats.
The present findings suggest that palm and partially hydrogenated soybean oils adversely affect the lipoprotein profile, in particular the LDL-C levels, in moderately hyperlipidemic subjects compared to soybean and canola oils. The authors note that oils high in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids would be a preferable alternative to palm and hydrogenated oils for use by the food industry., ,
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